Presentation
The research proposed in this project will be focused
on the knowledge and method development capable to measure and evaluate the
coupling the physical, chemical and biological processes from algae and plants.
These researches will expand the natural isotope tracer method to measure the
natural isotopic content of elements implicated in biotransformations
and to understand the implications and the role of these measurements for the
new scientific knowledge accumulation and for the opportunities of the large
scale applications. Will be investigated cyanophytes that are capable of photosynthesis
accompanied by oxygen release (oxygenic photosynthesis) and chlorophytes that
are capable of autotropy, a process in which the energetic source is light, CO2
is the carbon source of the cell, and H2O is hydrogen donors, as
algae, and the vegetable with the
vegetation short time, grown in greenhouse, containers or vegetation chamber.
The methods proposed are
based on the results of the world and national advances researches from the
last years, which point out that the isotopic composition for materials
frequently of interest in global changes studies: waters, greenhouse gases, and
biological materials varies in large range and the natural isotopic tracers method
is the one of the modern and refined study method for the
atmosphere-hydrosphere- -biosphere interactions. In this proposed project the
studies will approach the theoretical model for isotopic fractionation in
plants and will verify the hypothesis concerning with the isotope of endogen
water and CO2, isotopically light water as
factor of the plant resistance at ultraviolet light stress, the dependence of
conversion chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b on the water isotope, algal bloom and
water isotope, water use efficient and isotope composition of CO2, geographical site as the factor in the
isotopic content from water and organic matter of plant tissues. As a starting
point, note that precipitation and atmospheric gases, such as CO2, exhibit spatial and temporal variation,
which are due to the phenomena that occur in space and time in different
conditions. The knowledge of the isotopic variability is very important to
elaborate the work, harvest and analytical strategies.
The approaches of research carry out on
two ways; one is the theoretical approach for to develop the base of the
investigation meteorology and another is the development of the analytical
methodologies needs to validate the theoretical models. The research will focus
on four sub-elements:
1. Molecules, pathways and processes for natural
labeling of plants.
2. Analytical tools of investigation.
3. Determinism approach of the isotopic
discrimination on plants.
4. Holistic approach of the natural isotopic
abundances in plants and applicability possibilities a large-scale.
1. The first sub-element of the project will realize the first
two objectives and will respond to the question: how does natural variation in
stable isotopes from plants come about? These will be realized by the
following:
·
The analysis of the cycles of the water, oxygen and carbon in nature from
isotopic point of view.
· The identification of the processes which occur along the pathways in the natural cycles and which lead to isotopic fractionations.
· The analysis of the isotopic distribution and the specific ranges of the natural isotopic concentration from the stuffs of interest for the isotopic studies in vegetables.
· The identification of the exogenous (temperature, humidity, light in photosynthesis and nutrients for the plants growing, and the presence of pollutants gases in atmosphere) that induce the change in isotope concentration from plants.
· The study of isotopic effects of physical and chemical processes.
· The study of the isotopic fractionation sources of the biological processes (relationship causes-isotopic fractionation effects in photosynthesis, respiration and another biochemical reaction) at which the water and CO2 participate as input or output in algae and plants with short vegetation time.
· For the three tracers will be establish the link between the isotope fractionation processes.
(2). The developing of the analytical methods,
design and execution of experimental stall will be realized in the second
sub-element of study. The following tasks will be made;
·
The
adaptation of the classical standardized methods (spectrophotometry,
chromatography, mass spectrometry) at the needs of experiments.
·
The
development of modern, computational methods for the automatically recording of
climatic indicators from greenhouse.
·
The
development of sampling, storage, extraction and preparation for isotopic
measurements from water, CO2 and organic matter of algae suspension,
vein and tissue of plant leaf, stem.
·
The
experimental stall will be realized in the conditions needed of research (the
elimination of all risk factors which should disturb the isotopic signal). The
lettuce and tomato crops and the algae (cyanobacteria
and green algae) will be grown.
(3). The developing of the theoretical models will
be realized in the third sub-element of study.
§
MODELLING OF THE ISOTOPE ENRICHMENT OF LEAF
WATERT he model will be based on the interaction between water uses
longitudinally within the xylem, and uses laterally through vein lets into the
lamina mesophyll, where moisture leaves the leaf
through transpiration, from isotopically point of
view.
§
MODELLING OF THE CARBON AND OXYGEN ISOTOPE
DISCRIMINATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION. The
model will be developed for oxygen isotopes and for carbon isotope composition.
The isotopic composition for oxygen reflects the large flux of CO2
that diffuses into leaves (light reactions) or diffuses out of the leaf (dark
reactions) is isotopically equilibrated with leaf
water via the catalytic activity of carbonic anhydrase.
§
ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR WHOLE-LEAF POTENTIAL
ELECTRON TRANSPORT RATE. The model is important in studies in which the effects
of diffuse light fraction on gas exchange are of interest (few studies
suggested that the vertical profile of d13C,
d18O, d2H of leaf tissue mimics
irradiance gradients, but the cause underlying the relationship between d13C of leaves and irradiance and stomatal conductance is in controversies).
(4).The holist
approach of study about the natural isotope content in plants will be based on
the unitary processing of the experimental data and their correlative analyze
for plant as the unitary system. The work hypothesis will be verified and the
heuristic model for isotope discrimination in plants and algae will be
developed.
Objectives
The general objectives and activities of this project are in sphere of the Thematic Fields S/T, 11, Basic sciences: mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology.
1 The development oh the advances scientific fields and methods capable to measure and evaluate the coupling of physical (isotopic fractionation as the nuclear process), chemical (biosyntheses) and biological processes (photosynthesis, respiration).
2 The obtaining of the new scientific knowledge, which cannot be provided with the classical study methods, for to verify the new scientific hypothesis and concept, by developing the multiple, natural, isotopic tracers method, as the new work tool, with the high resolution.
3 The extent of the application field of the natural isotopic tracers in biology through the new knowledge accumulation concerning to the implications and role of isotopic measurements in sciences and practical applications.
The specific objectives are the following:
1 Identify and initially characterize natural processes that affect the isotopic content of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon at the mezzo-scale level.
2 To understand the mechanisms and pathways of the natural isotopic labeling of vegetation as the one element from atmosphere-soil-biosphere continuum in order to obtain advance knowledge about the vegetation response to the abrupt climatic changes and agronomic practice.
3 To develop the mass spectrometry method to determine the hydrogen, oxygen and carbon isotopic rates from biomaterials and to develop the operational methods for the measurements and recordings of the climate, chemical and biological indicators.
4 The consistent and systematic measurements of the isotopic contents, chemical and biological indicators, for the water, CO2 and organic matter from algae and plants with the short vegetation time (vegetable) grown on the controlled experimental support.
5 To develop the theoretical models for the isotopic transport in plants (H2O and CO2) and the plant irradiance role in relation with the isotopes contents. The verification of the theory by measurements.
6 To obtain the new knowledge concerning to the role of plants isotope content, as the scientific support for the development of the scientific understanding and for the elaboration of strategies for the large scale applications.
The measurable objectives are
1. To analyze the natural of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon in nature from isotopic point of view (the identification of biomaterials and its isotopic range in nature, the pathways of matter movement, the coupling of the physical and bio-chemical processes, causes and isotopic fractionation effects, the quantifying of the isotopic fractionation factors, all information being the support for theoretical and experimental approach).
2. The development of the methodologies of sampling, storage and preparation for isotopic measurements.
3. The adaptation of the classical analyzes methods (spectrophotometry) of the biological and chemical indicators to the needs of study.
4. The development of the automatic recording method of the climate data.
5. The development of the mathematical formalism for the theoretical models.
6. The obtaining of the experimental data (isotopic, chemical, biological) for the algae (cyanobacteria and green algae) and plants (lettuce and tomato) growth in controlled, different conditions.
7. The unitary experimental data processing, the correlative analyze of experimental data.
8. The evaluation of the plants isotopic response to the environmental factors changes.
9. The verifying the hypothesis concerning to the isotope content in plants.
10. The elaboration of models for the isotopic incorporation in plants.
Activities
Stage I
Researches
concerning to study of the natural isotopic labelling
process for it use as the bio-indicators for plants./ Documentation and study.
Stage II
Stage III.
Development of concept and analytical
methods for study of the natural isotope tracers in vegetal medium.
The analytical methods for isotopic measurements (substantiation of sampling and preparation samples for isotope measurement in biological compounds; the determination of needs for the isotopic measurements performance in plants).
Proposal of strategies and methods for the chemical and biological indicators analyses from algae. Selection of algae stems, experimental adequate, based on the biomass accumulation and assimilators pigments compositions.
Methods for analyses of physics indicators, chemical indicators and biological for plant with vegetation short time.
Defining the data base structure. Development of model for system status design.
Stage IV.
The determinist approach of isotopic discrimination in vegetal
medium (theoretical models for the isotopic content prediction in plants and
quantitative interpretation of isotopic data).
Realization of experimental stalls for plants and green algae, and obtaining the experimental data.
Modelling of the isotope enrichment of leaf water (hydrogen and oxygen isotopes).
Modelling of the carbon and oxygen isotope discrimination of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and respiration.
Analytical model for whole-leaf potential electron transport rate
Stage V.
Holist
approach of the isotopic fractionation in plants.
The analyses of chemical, biological and isotropic data in cyanobacteria and plants.
Analyses of the variation ranges and variability for environmental stable isotope content in plants.
Correlation of izotopic versus chlorophil a/chlorophil
b, carotens, chemical and endogenous factors.
Developing of the conceptual model about the isotope incorporate in plants
Rezults
Disemination
Team
Project coordinator -
National Institute for Research and Development for Isotopic and Molecular
Technologies, Cluj-Napoca
Project manager: Dr. FEURDEAN LUCIA, Fizician
Researchers: Dr. ALMASAN VALER Inginer chimist
Dr. FEURDEAN VICTOR, Fizician
Dr. CUNA CORNEL, Fizician
Dr. CUNA STELA, Fizician
Drd. BALAS GABRIELA, Fizician
Drd. LAZAR MIHAELA DIANA, Chimist
LEUCA MOISE, Inginer electronist
Technicians: BUJOR PETRU, Tehnician principal
PETRICA NICOLETA, Tehnician principal
PUSCAS ROMULUS, Tehnician principal
Partner 1
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine,
Project coordinator: Prof. Dr. APAHIDEAN AL SILVIU, Legumicultura
Researchers: Prof. Dr. APAHIDEAN MARIA, Legumicultura
Prof. Dr. CRIVEANU HORIA, Fizician
Conf. Dr. LUJERDEAN AUGUSTA, Chimist
Sef lucrari BUNEA ANDREEA, Chimist
Drd. CSOK ERSZBETH, Legumicultura
FICIOR DIANA, Legumicultura
Drd. SINGUREAN VALENTIN, Legumicultura
Drd. CENARIU DIANA, Legumicultura
Drd. MOLDOVAN GELU Executant, Legumicultura
APAHIDEAN AL.IOAN, Student Horticultura
RUSU
BACIU ADRIANA EXECUTANT, Masterat Legumicultura
SAMOILA CARMEN, Masterat Legumicultura
Partner 2
- Institutul de Cercetări
Biologice,
Project coordinator: Dr. BERCEA VICTOR, Biolog
Researchers: Dr. DRAGOŞ NICOLAE, Biolog
NICOARĂ ANA, Chimist
VASILESCU CĂTĂLINA, Biolog
PUIAC SPERANŢA, Biolog
DRUGĂ BOGDAN, Biolog
Technicians: MOLDOVAN DORINA, Tehnician
IABLONOVSCHI ZOLTAN, Tehnician
PAŞCA TEOFIL, Tehnician
Partner 3
- ADCON TELEMETRY SRL, Bucuresti
Project coordinator: OPREA NICOLAE, Economist
Researchers: MAXIMILIAN NICOLAE, Inginer
POPEANGA MIHAITA, Inginer
OPREA VLAD CLAUDIU, Economist
Partners
Project coordinator:
National Institute for Research and Development for
Isotopic and Molecular Technologies,
Partner 1:
University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine,
Partner 2:
Partner 3:
ADCON TELEMETRY SRL, Bucuresti